H2WHOAH: anti-gravity water!

!±8± H2WHOAH: anti-gravity water!

The St. Louis Science Center's "Science OFF Center" team spent the afternoon at the University City Public Library teaching kids about the properties of water in their new H2WOAH! demonstration. This part of the program demonstrates the cohesiveness of water. Visit scienceoffcenter.org for more information.

H2WHOAH: anti-gravity water!

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Absorbents and Adsorbents - What's The Difference?

!±8± Absorbents and Adsorbents - What's The Difference?

"Absorbent" and "adsorbent" are two words that look very much alike, and refer to actions that may superficially appear the same. But absorbents and adsorbents work in very different ways - differences that are important in selecting which kind to use for specific tasks.

An absorbent is a material that sucks in liquids and contains them internally. Absorbents typically have a large number of tiny pores. The makeup of the absorbent makes it so effective at soaking up water and other liquids. Loose fibers create a product that is more empty space than anything else, yet form chambers that can retain liquid. The holes between the fibers soak up the liquid and cause the fibrous material itself to swell, which also prevents the liquid from sloshing right back out. Instead, the liquid is trapped inside. If you were to remove all of the empty space, you would see that the actual matter inside an absorbent product would take up less than 1/3 of the absorbent's apparent volume.

Most so-called "universal" sorbent products are absorbents, which depend on capillarity to draw liquids of all kinds into their structure. Capillary action, or capillarity, is a phenomenon where liquid spontaneously rises in a narrow space such as a thin tube, or in porous materials. This wicking effect can cause liquids to flow against the force of gravity. It occurs because of inter-molecular attractive forces between the liquid and solid surrounding surfaces. If the diameter of the tube is sufficiently small, as in the pores of a sponge, then the combination of surface tension (which is caused by cohesion within the liquid) and forces of adhesion between the liquid and pore surfaces acts to lift the liquid.

Universal absorbents are often compounded of various cellulose products such as wood pulp, corncob or paper waste, but can be made of polypropylene or other non-organics.

An adsorbent, on the other hand, is a material that collects liquids on the surface and holds them there. Adsorbents work by selective molecular attraction - only certain molecules are attracted to the surface of the material. Typically this phenomenon is used to create "oil-only" absorbents that can be used to separate out oil from water so that only the oil is removed by the sorbent material, which in contrast repels the water molecules, leaving the water behind, stripped of polluting oils. This type of absorbent is important in cleaning up oil spills in aquatic environments such as dockyards, marinas, harbors, rivers, and lakes. In sufficient volume and in a form such as a boom that does not disperse, it can even be used in the open ocean. Additionally oil absorbents are staple supplies in machine shops, garages, and refineries where oil spills are a constant problem.

Specialized adsorbents are used for cleaning up toxic spills other than oil and in various refining processes where they are used to separate out specific components of a chemical stock flow.

Remembering this simple difference in action between absorbents and adsorbents can help keep them straight in your mind: absorbents suck liquids up; adsorbents attract specific liquids to their surfaces - like the difference between a drinking straw and a magnet.

Absorbents and Adsorbents - What's The Difference?

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Hydropower Kit

!±8± Hydropower Kit

sciencecastle.com - Hydropower has been used for hundreds of years in watermills and is now commonly used to generate electricity in applications such as hydroelectric dams and tidal power plants. Explore the power of water by building models and conducting experiments with them. Learn about how different devices are used to extract useful energy from moving water - from a waterwheel in a small stream to a giant turbine in a tidal power station. Build a waterwheel, a sawmill, and a hammer mill to harness the energy of moving water to do different types of physical work. Investigate the intriguing properties of water by performing experiments involving surface tension, adhesion, and cohesion. Learn about water pressure by building a water tower, communicating vessels, and a water fountain. Construct a hydroelectric power station. Learn about where the energy in ocean waves, tides, and rivers comes from, and discover how we can generate electricity from them.

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Blended Families - The Merging Of Yours And Mine

!±8± Blended Families - The Merging Of Yours And Mine

A blended family is formed by the merging through official or common-law marriage of two or more family remnants of previous marriages or family constellations. At least one of the spouses has been in a parental role in a previous family system and brings to the blended family a child or children from that union. Blended families vary considerably in composition. The children may belong to the wife or husband by a previous family union or may be theirs by the present arrangement. Inasmuch as custody is ordinarily awarded to the mother, the typical blended unit consists of a wife, her children, and the husband, whose children, if he has any, reside with their mother.

With the growing popularity of joint custody and the rising number of serial family relationships, blended family configurations are becoming increasingly varied and complex. Many children now belong to two households, dividing their time equally between both. In some families children from two or more previous marriages retain their paternal surnames. Hence, numerous last names may be used within the same family, affecting the bonding and identity formation process significantly.

Blended families may be extended families with exponentially complicated structures, though the term is normally used mainly to refer to newly formed nuclear families that are made up of integrated subsystems from previous family units. The principal challenge of the blended family is to develop into a cohesive unit. Yet it must be defined by boundaries that allow appropriate contact with what frequently is a large, disjointed network of relatives in the new extended family. These families must negotiate several critical developmental tasks in order to coalesce.

One task faced by all the members is the mourning of the lost families they represent. Family failures and breakup are severe emotional trauma, and this loss requires substantial grieving if one is to be prepared for investment in new relationships. Blended families frequently arise from relationships motivated by the rebound from former relationships in an effort to escape the pain of the loss, loneliness, and shame about failure. Though one may have accepted cognitively the termination of a previous family union by death or divorce, the new relationship symbolizes the old loss and failure. Out of loyalty to the new relationship one may repress that grief/loss but that merely constipates and subverts the residual grief. It will surface in some destructive way at a later point.

This grief experience may be particularly true for children, who often grieve long after the family breakup. This is seen in the persistent longing to be reunited with the absent parent and in the enduring fantasy that the child's mother and father will eventually remarry. It is also manifested in the refusal of some children to form a relationship in the new family constellation or with the stepparent. Unfinished grief tends to skew the child's loyalty toward the natural parent exclusively. This usually produces destructive counterforces in the entire family constellation. Unresolved grief is poison to the blended family. It produces intrafamilial tension and siphons off emotional energy that could otherwise be channeled into strengthening family relationships. Professional help is frequently needed to resolve this type of mourning because of its insidious character.

A critical developmental task for spouses is to form a strong marital bond. Continued contact with the ex-spouse and former in-laws, for example, in the course of normal child visitation, can be disruptive to developing the new spousal relationship. Issues of jealousy, trust, and loyalty are easily activated by these continuing contacts. Yet the cornerstone of the blended family is the quality of the new spousal union. Moreover, one dimension of this spousal union is the development of a co-parent partnership of care for each other's children that is strong enough to withstand repeated counterforce dynamics injected by the children, who are likely still to have their own unresolved and pathological agenda to act out or resolve. Children accept the stepparent more readily if their natural parent demonstrates unwavering commitment to the spousal relationship and its long-term viability. Children often create conflict between the parent and stepparent, maneuvering for the natural parent's support. Feelings of loyalty and guilt on the part of the parent, particularly regarding having failed the child by failing in the earlier relationship, tempt the parent to side with the child against the new spouse. This kind of triangulation is always destructive.

Maintaining a "mine/yours" view of the children undermines the stepparent-stepchild relationship. It places the stepparent in the untenable position of having to borrow authority from the natural parent when dealing with stepchildren. This obstructs the process of true blending between the new spouses as well as between all the members of the new family constellation. Triangulation produces divisiveness.

Moreover, building functional stepsibling relationships is complicated by the fact that the ordinal position among siblings and the entire structure of the genogram for the new family will change extensively with the merging of the family remnants into the blended family. Rivalry with siblings may decrease as that family remnant closes ranks for this new experience, but stepsibling rivalry often increases, painfully changing the roles, identities, and self-perceptions of all the children. A related issue for blended families with adolescent or young adult progeny living in the home as part of the family constellation is the fact that children who could be dating are living together as siblings. Sexual boundaries are usually weak, as blended families may not have well-established inherent incest taboos. Conflict and rivalry are ways in which teenage stepsiblings define boundaries to protect themselves from the anxiety and threat of excessive intimacy. Many blended families achieve well-adjusted and harmonious relationships, though the usual critical adjustment time frame is two to four years.

Blended Families - The Merging Of Yours And Mine

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Preventing Excavation Collapse

!±8± Preventing Excavation Collapse

Every year people excavating or working in excavations are injured and killed. If you're one of these people then there are some things you need to know and things you need to do if you're going to stay safe.

Soils Ain't Soils

Despite how it appears, not all soils are the same and, if you think about it, you probably already know that. Soils are mixtures of clay, sand and rock and different combinations of these create soil with different characteristics. Here's a rough guide to identifying the type of soil you maybe working with:

Clay......Very Soft Clay........................................ Easily penetrated 40mm with fist

...........Soft Clay................................................Easily penetrated 40mm with thumb

...........Firm Clay................................................Moderate effort needed to penetrate 30mm with thumb

...........Stiff Clay................................................Readily indented with thumb but penetrated only with great effort.

...........Very Stiff Clay.........................................Readily indented by thumbnail.

...........Hard Clay...............................................Indented with difficulty by thumbnail

Sand....Loose Clean Sand....................................Takes footprint more than 10mm deep.

..........Medium-Dense Clean Sand.........................Takes footprint 3mm to 10mm deep

..........Dense Clean Sand....................................Takes footprint less than 3mm deep

..........or Gravel.

Rock....Broken or Decomposed..............................Diggable. Hammer blow "thuds". The joints (breaks in the rock) are spaced less than 300mm apart.

..........Sound Rock.............................................Not diggable with pick. Hammer blow "rings". The joints (breaks in the rock) are spaced more than 300mm apart.

The Angle of What?

A pile of excavated soil (or spoil as it's known) will have a different natural slope according to the type of soil. This is called the "angle of repose". The approximate angle s for different soil types are:

Soil Type..........................................................................................................................Slope Ratio...............Slope Angle.........(Width to Height)

Granular soils: crushed rock, gravel, non-angular, poorly graded sand, loamy sand..............1.5:1........................34

Weak cohesive soils: angular well graded sand, silt, silty loam, sandy loam..........................1:1...........................45

Cohesive soils: clay, silty clay, sandy clay...........................................................................0.75:1.......................53

The angle of repose is a good gauge for estimating the angle of shear planes in the soil profile - shear planes are the lines through which the unexcavated soil forming the excavation walls may break. We want to minimise the pressure on this area of potential weakness and the angle of repose allows us to estimate the distance that equipment and materials need to be from the edge of the excavation to reduce the chance of the excavation wall breaking. For example, the angle of repose for sandy loam soil is 1:1 so equipment and materials need to be the depth of the excavation away from edge of the excavation. In a 2 metre (just over 6 feet) deep excavation in sandy loam soil equipment and materials should be no closer than 2 metres from the edge of the excavation. If we were excavating in rocky soils the ratio is 1.5:1 so the distance is 3 metres and for clay soils, 1.5 metres.

Be aware that this angle will reduce if the soil is wet and more so if it's saturated so always err on the side of caution.

Ground Support Systems

That's a nice piece of jargon, so what does it mean? Essentially these are work practices to be followed where the risk of ground collapse is unacceptably high. This would include all excavations more than 1.5 metres (5 feet) deep and even lesser depths where the soil is loose such as sandy soils or when it's wet or where there's been previous excavations or a stack of other things that may reduce the strength of the excavation walls. There are 3 generally accepted methods for preventing excavations collapsing:

Battering involves sloping the sides of the excavation to the angle of repose thereby removing the soil that is likely to fall into the excavation.

Benching is cutting the side walls of the excavation into steps of the same ratio as the angle of repose with no vertical face being more than a metre (3 feet) high.

Shoring requires mechanical devices to be inserted into the excavation to strengthen the side walls and prevent it from collapsing. There are different types of shoring available for different circumstances and expert advice should be obtained to make sure you get the right type and its installed in the right way.

Warning Signs

Soils can dry out or become sodden or change in other ways that increases the risk of collapse. All excavations should be inspected at least twice a day to monitor changing soil conditions and the effect this has on the stability of the walls. Some of the warning signs to watch out for are:

TENSION CRACKS appearing in the wall of the excavation or existing cracks getting larger.

SLIDING usually happens in loose soil and is indicated by soil from the side wall sliding into the excavation.

TOPPLING describes a situation where large blocks of soil fall from the walls into the excavation.

SUBSIDENCE AND BULGING of the side wall indicate unbalanced stresses in the soil.

HEAVING OR SQUEEZING is where the floor of the excavation starts to bulge as a result of the pressure from the walls of the excavation.

BOILING happens when the excavation has cut into the water table or the water table has risen causing water to pool in the excavation.

Where these things are detected work should stop and expert advice obtained about corrective steps to take to prevent collapse.

Appearances can be Deceptive

How a soil looks on the surface is probably not a good indication of what it is like below the surface.

Soil types can vary within an area and different soil types can be found along the length of an excavation.

Because there are no signs of previous excavation doesn't mean there hasn't been any. Previous excavation adjacent to where you're digging will reduce soil integrity possibly leading to the collapse of the excavation walls.

Not all buried services are marked (this is more so with the advent of underground boring for below ground service placement) - always locate underground services before starting to dig.

Never assume what type of soil you're working with or that things will stay the same during the life of the job. If you don't know - find out and take the steps necessary to prevent yourself and those you're working with from becoming a story on the local news because you've been buried in an excavation.

Preventing Excavation Collapse

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18 SCIENCE AND KITCHEN. CIENCIA Y COCIN. CIÈNCIA I CUINA. Bubbles burbujas, bombolles

!±8± 18 SCIENCE AND KITCHEN. CIENCIA Y COCIN. CIÈNCIA I CUINA. Bubbles burbujas, bombolles

ENGLISH Variant of clips 16 and 17. A glass of glass (left) is wetted bettar than a glass of plastic material. (right). Yhe sparkling water generates less and smaller bubbles upon the glass surface. ESPAÑOL Variante de los clips 16 y 17. Un vaso de vidrio (izquierda) se moja mejor que uno de plástico. Por ello el agua con gas genera en su superficie menos burbujas, y más pequeñas, que se desprenden facilmente. CATALÀ Variant dels clips 16 i 17. Un vas de vidre (esquerra) i un de plàstic (dreta) es mullen diferent. El de vidre es mulla millor, i l'aigua amb gas genera poques bombolles a la seva superfície, i les que es formen són més petites. El vas de plàstic es mulla pitjor, i això permet generar bombolles de carbònic molt més grans i que tarden més a desprendre's.

18 SCIENCE AND KITCHEN. CIENCIA Y COCIN. CIÈNCIA I CUINA. Bubbles burbujas, bombolles

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Biology 1B - Lesson 13: Water Relations

!±8± Biology 1B - Lesson 13: Water Relations

General Biology

Biology 1B - Lesson 13: Water Relations

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Coal Seam Gas - The Fight For Our Lives - Spread Virally

!±8± Coal Seam Gas - The Fight For Our Lives - Spread Virally

IF this video keeps freezing up on you, try this one: www.youtube.com Coal seam gas mining (CSG) is developing rapidly in New South Wales and Queensland and is commencing in other states. The legal and administrative protections are inadequate to ensure that public health is not harmed and that environmental damage does not leave a legacy for generations. The public health responsibilities of state and federal governments are to prevent harm by careful scientific assessment of possible hazards, their risks and methods of prevention. Therefore they deal particularly with clean air, clean water and uncontaminated food. Industry and state governments have frequently reassured the public that there are no dangers from CSG to water supplies and to their health. But what is their evidence? Overseas health concerns are emerging. A ban on shale gas mining in France and moratoriums in parts of the USA and South Africa are recent developments. The United States Environmental Protection Authority has begun a comprehensive study to investigate the potential adverse impacts that hydraulic fracturing may have on water quality and public health. There are differences between shale gas mining -- the predominant process overseas, particularly in the US -- and coal seam gas mining in Australia, in the depth of drilling and the volume of water brought to the surface, but there are health impacts common to both: the potential for contamination of water for drinking and agricultural use and ...

Coal Seam Gas - The Fight For Our Lives - Spread Virally

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Cohesion and adhesion - Two activities for primary school teachers

!±8± Cohesion and adhesion - Two activities for primary school teachers

Here are two simple activities to show students the basic concepts of cohesion and adhesion.

COHESION

"Niagara Falls"

MATERIALS

A Penny
Pipette
Detergent

PROCEDURE

Ask: "How many drops of water you think you can drop a dime on this site without it over the edge?" Put the pot cent on a smooth surface. Pipette with the drops of liquid onto a dime down at a time, counting the drops until the oil spillEdge.

Take the same coin, and rub a solvent.

Predicting the number of drops of water that you can put on the dime now, without it pouring over the edge.

With the pipette, the liquid drips down to the penny drops and counting.

STATEMENT

Water molecules have a strong cohesion, or attraction to other water molecules. The unifying force of the molecules is like the skin as a liquid surface, called surface tension. Soap reduces the surface tension, soto stay a few drops on the penny with soap.

MEMBERSHIP

"PASS THE PEPPER"

MATERIALS

Cereal Bowl
Pepper
Liquid detergent for dishwashers

PROCEDURE

Fill bowl with water and brush a little pepper on top.

Ask: "What do you think will happen to the pepper, if we add Detergent?"

Drop a few drops of detergent to the center of the bowl.

STATEMENT

Adhesion is the attractive force that holds together the molecular ANDERS bodies in contact. TheWater is hands pepper evenly from all directions. The detergent reduces the adhesive force between the liquid and pepper. The fluid around the edges of the basin, influenced by the detergent industry, still has its pulling power.

Cohesion and adhesion - Two activities for primary school teachers

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The properties of water

!±8± The properties of water

The water available in a variety of forms. First, commonly known as a liquid, secondly, as a solid form of ice, and thirdly as a gas-steam. But in addition to the standard forms that water takes, it also has amazing properties as well. These properties are usually referred to as anomalous properties. Some of these anomalous properties belong to different noise levels at different temperatures and surface tension.

Volume of water at different temperatures

Have you ever wondered whyLines, freeze water when the outbreak, or why ice floats in a river instead of falling? It 'easy, due to the fact that the volume of water varies depending on the temperature. For example, the volume of water by about 9% increase in the freezing point. As the water molecules become even colder, to go further. Therefore, the water in the pipes can burst, as well as why ice floats on liquid. At the other end of the spectrum, the molecules of water should boil90 degrees Celsius, but because of the hydrogen bonds in the molecule, water boils at a higher temperature-100 degrees Celsius, to be exact.

Surface tension

Surface tension is another anomalous properties of water. It can be shown easily if an insect falls into a pond or pool. Water can be a very closed and elastic substance. This is due to the fact that water molecules are more attracted to other water molecules next to him. It should be noted however, thatThe surface tension is only present on the surface of the reason that the water beneath the surface of the pool or pond is low. Load zero means that no net force on the molecule, but water works only on the surface with different forces laterally and downwards. This is what creates a membrane tension and surface tension.

Pure Water

Pure water is not so clear, in fact it is almost impossible to create with only pure water molecules of H2O.In all cases, the pure water usually means that it is distilled or deionized, but there are still many gases dissolved silica and sometimes even within the molecules.

Drinking water

In contrast to pure water, our drinking water is usually full of many different substances, including feelings such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and even atmospheric gases. It should be noted that drinking water can be positive or negative charge, but these ions are usually symmetricalfrom the negative ion carbonate / bicarbonate, chloride and sulfate, and occasionally.

Because the water can easily dissolve most substances, if you're in an area where the water comes into contact with live toxic agents, this can affect your water to a certain extent. The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has limits on the amount of contaminants in drinking water and drinking water is a test of regular permits.

If you believe that the only way toAvoid contamination by potentially harmful substances is water directly from rain or snow, you should know that these forms of water pollution can also be drunk mainly due to dust particles in contact with the water in the atmosphere.

The properties of water

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Waves in water

!±8± Waves in water

Water is the elasticity, cohesion between water molecules in a state of equilibrium. The stone is pushed down to the water bouncing from the water, and then the gravity of the water back down, causing waves and splashing. Gravity then acts as the force which tries to equalize the water again. The surface tension is also another force besides gravity, because the waves have short wavelengths.

Waves in water

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3.2 Properties of water emerging

!±8± 3.2 Properties of water emerging

Description of the four emergent properties of water: cohesion, moderation of temperature, voltage during the freezing and the water as a solvent

3.2 Properties of water emerging

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Water for Life

!±8± Water for Life

Water for Life Lyrics: Water is a molecule important (by) A negative oxygen, making two positive hydrogen atoms are polar for the cohesion and adhesion occurs through hydrogen bonds, are the cause of the surface tension of the molecules' near water, along with cohesion, but may also be due to another membership (!) How is the wall of a ship that defy gravity to pull it down is a water molecule (water molecule) because of a molecule ' water (water molecule) is the cohesion, adhesion, surfaceNot to mention the stress is responsible for life! Water for Life, Water for Life their properties allow us to sweat easily through evaporative cooling, high specific heat resistant to all types of temperature change so that when we go in the pool under the sun, it is usually still cold from the rain of yesterday With regard to the life of the solvent can not scientists find better water molecule, which acts as an instrument resolution Finally, the water is different, it is less dense as a solid in a heavy liquid? Check out some believe 'ice in your drink next to it, because it would soar! There is a water molecule (water molecule) because a water molecule (water molecule) has a high specific heat, low density, not to mention the evidence as a whole is responsible for life! Water for Life, Water for Life Its properties allow us to solve almost everything!

Water for Life

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Silicone non-stick coatings - Better Than Teflon? Or just a disaster!

!±8± Silicone non-stick coatings - Better Than Teflon? Or just a disaster!

Think of non-stick coating with silicone? But then the thought "not permanent", rambling, chaotic connections also come to mind?

Well, it's certainly understandable. After all, the silicone can be used as an agent of the temporary posting in measurable quantities, to transfer the released area. Not unlike soaps, oils - hydrofluorocarbons either! Their effectiveness, you see, is formed by weak boundaries between the two surfaces. The result: surface contamination!

But should notin this way. There are new formulations of silicone abound. Many, in fact, totally lacking in surface migratory species.

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS for short) are a good example. Low surface energy comes from the surface into the air dimethyl. (A concrete measure of this is the surface tension, about 20-22 dyn / cm.) Coupled makes it highly flexible, barrier-free polymer chain or backbone (Si-O-Si bonds) as opposed to Teflon coatings, release silicone unbeatable.

But for Siliconare non-migratory, the film must be consistent. And that includes choosing products that are curable, are treatable.

Today, silicone coatings are often integrated with a resin filling. This leads to a higher density, more cohesive force. Imagine a phenomenon of "stretching" to the plug interface. Here, the silicon compounds are now more rigid, relatively inelastic surfaces with a better energy absorption capacity.

Translation: A non-migratory, with a covering sustainable, highRelease.

For applications, the release of pressure sensitive adhesives, these newer formulations of silicone are ideal. So, take note designers and manufacturers of equipment for the packaging!

Today, more personalized painter these products one step ahead. By "external" forms of reinforcement, such as plasma spray, its resistance to abrasion - a term that completely unusual silicon - became a reality.

So, yes, continue to develop non-stick silicone coating, anddevelopment.

Silicone non-stick coatings - Better Than Teflon? Or just a disaster!

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Your Ink Glossary are just created to hold the cartridges

!±8± Your Ink Glossary are just created to hold the cartridges

If you need help with ink and words are in this section will help you. The following glossary is intended to help capture the most important concepts that control the art and science of ink consumption.

Absorption:

Othe proliferation and the reduction of transmission of visible light in its interaction with matter, which is in change of its color.

Appearance:

Othe nature of objects as visual attributes such as size, shape, color, texture, gloss, transparency andOpacity.

Attribute:

oColors are often described by their attributes of hue, saturation or chroma and brightness.

Banding:

oDistinct pattern changes, rather than a transition of colors in a gradient or other effects. Occurs in half-tone images when viewed with less than 24 bits of digital information, or without sufficient information on the color gradient of pressure.

Black:

Othe absence of reflected light, the color of the product when aBody absorbs all wavelengths of light. As a 100% cyan, magenta and yellow are combined, the resulting color should be black, but actually produces a muddy gray or brown. Therefore, in full color, black is one of the inks. The letter "K" is used to represent Black in the CMYK acronym to differentiate it from "B" for blue in RGB.

Brightness:

Othe measure the reflective quality of a medium. Different levels of brightness can changeappearance of color in the media require adjustments in calibration to obtain an optimal result.

Calibration:

oChecking, furniture and systematically standardizing the accounts of a unit.

Chroma:

OIN visual perception, if an area shows a specific color or color saturation. For example, a red apple is high in chroma; pastel colors are low. Black, white and gray have no saturation. Part of the color model L * C * H or the brightness, intensity, color hue. In addition, undersaturation.

ICE:

oCommission International de l'Eclairage or International Commission on Illumination, the key institution that deals with the overall color and color measurement.

CMY:

Othe subtractive primary colors cyan, magenta and yellow.
Color Calibration:

oCoordination color matching between two or more digital devices through hardware or software.

Color Curves:

oVisual mechanism in photos and graphics software for color displayMeasures and make changes of tone in an image.

Color separation:

oPhotographic or electronic procedure for the preparation of such tables for each component of a color space. In print, for example, the separation of cyan, magenta, yellow and black components on a page image.

Color Wheel:

OAN available in the visible spectrum is a continuum of colors in a circular fashion, that the complementary colors, like red and green faces everyothers.

Dyes:

oMaterials used to create colors, such as dyes, pigments, toners, phosphors.

Colorimeter:

oDevice which measures the color values ​​in relation to a particular set of standards, such as the CIE. Allows the measurement of color differences more accurately than the human eye.

Cyan:

Othe color "redless" process. It takes all the red wavelengths and reflects all wavelengths of blue and green light.

Delta-E:

ounite measurea noticeable difference in color by the human eye.

Densitometer:

oDevice be used to measure the density of light through the absorption of a substrate or surface of paper or film. This is done either by reflection or transmission.

Density:

Othe ability of a material to absorb light. The dark material, the higher the density.

Digital Photo Printer:

oPrinting device that converts digital data printed on paper.

Dithering

oA processsimulates the variations in color or gray scale because of different sizes and shapes of groups of pixels instead of an ordered series of points. This reduces the contrast between the dots in different colors or shades, and provides a smooth, natural appearance.

Dot Gain:

Othe effect described single point of larger print on a grid or other models such as its proposed size, which is a darkening of the image.

Dots per inch (dpi):

oMeasurementThe resolution of the image file described by measuring the number of pixels displayed horizontally or vertically in a separate square inch.

Dye:

oColored chemical that dissolves completely in water or other solvents, such as pigments, which are insoluble, however.

Sublimation:

oColor pressure generated images with the help of dyes from a gaseous thermal printer driver.
Improved Color Range:

Or exactly when diluted color process,cyan and magenta are usually used with CMYK to produce more vivid colors and a halftone effect.

Expanded range of colors:

OR If additional colors, usually green and orange, are printed with CMYK to match produced a greater number of colors in CMYK.

Fluorescent:

oA with a glass tube filled with mercury gas and the inner surface is coated with phosphors. Once the gas is charged with electricity, radiation is produced, which triggers the 'Phosphors and make them shine.

Color:

oPrinting or imaging using combinations of subtractive primary colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black. These are deposited as dots of different sizes, shapes and angles to create the illusion of different colors.

Gamut:

Othe palette of colors that are interpreted by a color model or generated by a specific device.

Gamut Compression:

oAlso known as tonal range compression. The coordinates of aColor space with more bandwidth can be reduced to correspond with the range smaller than a destination color space. For example, the full range of photographic film for viewing in the CMYK color space into smaller four-color printing is compressed.

Alcohol:

Othe transition between two colors or between black and any color mixing percentages of dominant and secondary color correction, and then alternately drawn to achieve the desired effect.

Halftone:

Othe processThe reproduction of an image as a series of dots of varying size within a fixed grid.

Hexachrome:

oColor-matching system of Pantone, Inc., used with hi-fi and color devices.

Hi-Fi Color:

oPrinting process that expands the capabilities of printing more sound through the use of stochastic screening, six-color printing and other techniques to expand the possible space of the traditional skills of the four color process colors.

Tone:

Othe base coloras an object from its angular position in a cylindrical color space is defined, or a color wheel.

Inkjet:

oPrinting driven process where liquid ink onto a substrate such as paper or film to form characters and graphics. There are three types of inkjet printers: thermal variation, piezoelectric and phase.

Intensity:

oSaturation or reflect light, in terms of wavelengths of visible light. The reflection wavelengths of high intensity generates high saturationor chroma.

Light:

oElectromagnetic radiation in the spectral range of the human eye (about 380-720 nm) is detected.

Light Magenta / Light Magenta (LM-LC):

oMuted or diluted forms of the two primary colors. When added to these shades of CMYK to produce more variety of colors and natural tones dot print.

Brightness:

Othe attribute causes an area emit or reflect more or less light. It also refers to the perception that white objectsdistinguished from gray, and light from dark objects.

Luminance:

oDescribes the brightness of an image.

Magenta:

Othe color "Greenless" process. It absorbs all wavelengths of light green, while all the red and blue wavelengths.

Nano-meters (Nm):

Othe measurement of wavelengths. Unit of length equal to 109 meters or one millionth of a millimeter.

Opacity:

oDescribes the resistance of the light through a substrate.

PantoneMatching System (PMS):

oUnique numbering system to identify colors by combining color SWOP standard created.

PH:

oA value of acidity or alkalinity of a solution expressed.

Phase Change Inkjet:

oInkjet printing process uses the dissolution of solid ink and then connect the droplets of spray to the media.

Piezo Inkjet:

oInkjet printing process used in the electrical impulses from the piezoelectric crystal with the power to inspire and ink-jet inkNozzles on substrates.

Pigment:

oColorant that can not be dissolved in a liquid. Full color, sharper and darker for a broader range of plain paper.

Pixels:

picture element or small, red, green and blue color reproduction on a monitor or scanner contains. Pixels on a screen similar to the dots on the paper. Monitor resolution is measured in pixels per inch (ppi) has described as the print resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi).

Pixelper inch (ppi):

Othe number of pixels in an image that Rastar stand in line an inch long. The higher the pixels, the higher the resolution.
Primary Color:

oColors that are fundamental for the other colors. In the background of the primary colors red, green and blue (RGB) are. In the color photo printing are cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY). Black or key (K) is to produce over one quarter of CMY ink pressure to tight, real blacks and clearer, sharper images.

Print onQuestion:

Oterma for a variety of short-term processes of publishing, technology, copier and direct-to-print applications include.

Prism:

oTriangular-shaped glass or other transparent material through which, when the light is out, breaking the wavelengths in a rainbow of colors. A test that light colors indicating the arrangement of colors and made in the visible spectrum.

Process Color:

oCyan, magenta, yellow and black combine to create a newColor.

Raster Image Processor (RIP):

oSoftware and / or hardware are used for digital printing request information to a printer or other device to convert the final output to produce. This action is commonly referred to as "ripping" (a file).

Reflective:

Othe capacity of an area to recover some or all wavelengths of light that hits it.

Resolution:

Othe number of points or samples per inch that a device is able to identify, produce or will.

RGB:

Otheadditive primary colors: red, green and blue.

Saturation:

oColor attribute that expresses the degree of deviation from the neutral gray of the same brightness. Also called chroma.

Sequence:

Othe sequence are deposited in the painting through a printing unit. In CMYK inkjet printers is the sequence of yellow, magenta, cyan and black.

Spectral curve:

oA visual representation of a given spectral color as the color of the "fingerprint". A spectral curve is plotted on a grid composeda vertical axis describes the level of intensity of reflection and a horizontal axis, the spectrum of visible wavelengths. The percentage of light reflected at each interval is as points on a curve.

Spectral data:

Othe more accurate description of the color of an object. Since the results from the light color of an object appearance is changed by it, and reflects the viewer, which describes the spectral data, such as reflected light has changed. The percentage of reflected light ismeasured at different intervals over the entire range of wavelengths, which then represented visually as a spectral curve.

Spectrophotometer:

OAN tool or the properties of light reflected from or passing through an object of measures.

Spectrum:

Othe spatial arrangement of electromagnetic energy on the size of the wavelength.

Spooler:

Othe room, which is held in the print data in a computer memory or hard drive, while waitinga print device.

Specifications for Web Offset Printing (SWOP):

oFormulations used in printing inks in offset printing.

Standard:

OAN-established and recognized tool are evaluated according to its measurement.

Subtractive Primary Color:

, OCyan magenta and yellow. The combination of the three theoretical 100% should produce a white paper on black. The combination produces a range of different intensities of color. The combination of two primary,100% creates both the colors red, green and blue additive primaries.

Cyan + magenta = blue. Cyan + Yellow = Green. Magenta + yellow = red

Surface tension:

Othe cohesive forces on the surface of a liquid, which reduce the tendency of a liquid, the surface exposed to a minimum to promote the area. Molecules in a liquid are attracted equally from all sides, but near the surface experience unequal attractions and thus are drawn toward the center of the liquid mass by this networkForce.

Thermal drop-on-Demand:

oInkjet printing process color that can be heated in a larger room of the print head at a temperature than its boiling point. The heat expands and changes the properties of ink, which is then distributed through the head on the substrate.

Tolerance:

Othe acceptable difference between the known standard correctly, and a number of samples measured. See Delta Error.

Viscosity:

other internal resistance to flow through an exhibitionLiquid.

Visible spectrum:

Othe in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum, 380-720 nanometers. To produce wavelengths within this range as the human eye color seen. Wavelengths produce violet, purple and blue, while the result in longer wavelengths of red and orange.

Wavelength:

oMeasurement of light as a component of the electromagnetic waves. The wavelength is the peak to peak distance between two adjacent waves.

Yellow:

Yellow is the OpurColor "Blueless". It absorbs all wavelengths of blue light and reflects all red and green wavelengths.

These brief definitions of words inkjet ink is using certain words in the vocabulary, to help resolve the plateau of ink.

Your Ink Glossary are just created to hold the cartridges

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